Step 1: Prepare the Dough
- In a large mixing bowl, sift the flour (and baking powder if using plain flour) and a pinch of salt.
- Add the cold, cubed butter to the flour mixture. Using your fingertips, rub the butter into the flour until the mixture resembles coarse breadcrumbs. You can also use a pastry cutter or fork for this step.
- Stir in the sugar and dried fruit. You can also add the optional spices at this stage if you like a bit more flavor in your rock cakes.
Step 2: Add the Wet Ingredients
- In a small bowl, beat the egg with the milk and vanilla extract (if using).
- Pour the wet mixture into the dry ingredients and mix with a fork or spoon until just combined. The dough should be fairly stiff and a bit crumbly, but it should come together when pressed.
Step 3: Preheat the Air Fryer
- Preheat your air fryer to 350°F (180°C) for about 3-5 minutes. This ensures even baking and helps the rock cakes get that perfect crisp exterior.
Step 4: Shape the Rock Cakes
- Using your hands, take small portions of the dough (about the size of a golf ball) and form them into rough, irregular shapes. The beauty of rock cakes is in their rustic appearance, so don’t worry about making them perfectly smooth.
- Place the shaped rock cakes into the air fryer basket, ensuring they’re not touching. You may need to cook them in batches depending on the size of your air fryer.
Step 5: Bake in the Air Fryer
- Bake the rock cakes in the air fryer at 350°F (180°C) for 10-12 minutes. The cakes should be golden brown on the outside and slightly firm to the touch. If they need more time, continue baking in 2-minute increments, checking often to avoid overbaking.
- Once done, remove the rock cakes from the air fryer and let them cool on a wire rack.
Step 6: Serve and Enjoy
- Serve the rock cakes warm or at room temperature. They’re perfect on their own or with a spread of butter or jam.
- Store any leftovers in an airtight container for up to 3 days.
Tips for Perfect Air Fryer Rock Cakes
- Cold Butter is Key: Keep the butter cold while working it into the flour for a flaky, tender texture.
- Don’t Overmix: Mix the dough just until combined to avoid tough rock cakes.
- Customize with Add-Ins: Feel free to swap out the dried fruit for chocolate chips, chopped nuts, or even citrus zest for a twist on the classic recipe.
Flavor Variations
- Chocolate Rock Cakes: Add 50g of cocoa powder to the flour mixture and stir in chocolate chips instead of dried fruit.
- Spiced Rock Cakes: Increase the amount of cinnamon or mixed spice and add a pinch of ground cloves or nutmeg for a warming, autumnal flavor.
- Coconut Rock Cakes: Substitute some of the flour with desiccated coconut and mix in dried pineapple or mango for a tropical twist.
Serving Suggestions
- With Afternoon Tea: Serve these rock cakes alongside a pot of tea for a classic British teatime experience.
- As a Breakfast Treat: Enjoy them with a cup of coffee in the morning for a sweet start to your day.
- Pack as a Snack: Rock cakes are sturdy enough to pack in a lunchbox or take on a picnic.
Final Thoughts
Air fryer rock cakes are a wonderful way to enjoy a traditional treat with a modern twist. They’re easy to make, require simple ingredients, and are perfect for satisfying your sweet tooth in no time. Whether you’re a fan of the classic recipe or want to try new variations, this air fryer version will quickly become a favorite in your home. Give them a try and enjoy the perfect blend of crisp, tender, and delicious in every bite!